The physiological substrate for the GLUTs is usually a hexose but substrates for GLUTs can include urate, dehydro-ascorbate and myo-inositol. This enables 4 trimer substructures to move relative to each other, and thereby alternately opening and closing a cleft to either the internal or the external side of the membrane. The proteins have 12 transmembrane spans built from a replicated trimer substructure.
Crystal structures have recently revealed how the unique protein fold of these proteins enables the catalysis of transport. The SLC2 genes code for a family of GLUT proteins that are part of the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) of membrane transporters.
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